Why Green Building Matters Today

The world is facing unprecedented environmental challenges. Climate change, rising energy costs, rapid urbanization, and depletion of natural resources are pushing industries to rethink how they operate—and the construction sector is no exception. Buildings account for nearly 40% of global energy consumption and carbon emissions, making architecture one of the most influential fields in the fight for sustainability.

This is where green building and eco-friendly design come into play. These approaches go beyond aesthetics and functionality; they focus on reducing environmental impact, improving energy efficiency, conserving resources, and enhancing human well-being. From residential homes to commercial skyscrapers, green design is transforming the way we build and live.

In this blog, we’ll explore what green building means, its core principles, key design strategies, materials, technologies, benefits, challenges, and the future of eco-friendly architecture.

What Is Green Building & Eco-Friendly Design?

Green building refers to the practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings in a way that minimizes environmental impact throughout the building’s lifecycle—from site selection and material sourcing to construction, operation, and eventual demolition.

Eco-friendly design focuses on creating spaces that work in harmony with nature while promoting sustainability, energy efficiency, and occupant health.

Together, these concepts aim to:

• Reduce carbon footprint
• Optimize energy and water usage
• Use sustainable and recycled materials
• Improve indoor environmental quality
• Support long-term environmental balance

Core Principles of Green Building Design

1. Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency is the backbone of green architecture. It involves designing buildings that consume less energy while maintaining comfort and performance.

Key strategies include:

• Passive solar design
• High-performance insulation
• Energy-efficient HVAC systems
• Smart lighting and automation
• Renewable energy integration

2. Sustainable Site Planning

Green building starts with choosing the right site and minimizing environmental disturbance.

Eco-friendly site practices include:

• Preserving natural landscapes
• Reducing soil erosion
• Using native vegetation
• Improving public transport access
• Managing stormwater responsibly

3. Water Conservation

Water scarcity is a global concern. Green buildings focus on reducing water waste through smart systems and reuse strategies.

Examples:

• Low-flow fixtures
• Rainwater harvesting
• Greywater recycling
• Water-efficient landscaping

4. Sustainable Materials

Eco-friendly design prioritizes materials that have low environmental impact and long-life cycles.

Common green materials:

• Bamboo
• Recycled steel
• Fly ash concrete
• Reclaimed wood
• Low-VOC paints and finishes

5. Indoor Environmental Quality

Green buildings are designed for people, not just performance.

This includes:

• Natural lighting
• Improved ventilation
• Non-toxic materials
• Thermal comfort
• Acoustic optimization

Green Building Design Strategies

Passive Design Techniques

Passive design reduces energy consumption by using natural resources like sunlight, wind, and thermal mass.

Key elements:

• Proper building orientation
• Shading devices and overhangs
• Cross ventilation
• Thermal insulation
• Daylighting strategies

Active Sustainable Systems

Active systems rely on technology to improve efficiency.

Examples:

• Solar panels and wind turbines
• Smart thermostats
• Energy-efficient HVAC
• Building management systems (BMS)

Biophilic Design

Biophilic design connects occupants with nature, enhancing well-being and productivity.

Features include:

• Indoor plants and green walls
• Natural textures and materials
• Visual access to outdoor spaces
• Water features

Eco-Friendly Building Materials Explained

Bamboo

• Rapidly renewable
• High strength-to-weight ratio
• Ideal for flooring and structural elements

Recycled Steel

• Reduces mining waste
• Highly durable
• Fully recyclable

Rammed Earth & Adobe

• Excellent thermal mass
• Low embodied energy
• Natural and non-toxic

Green Concrete

• Uses industrial waste like fly ash
• Reduces CO₂ emissions
• High durability

Insulation from Natural Fibers

• Sheep wool
• Cork
• Hemp
• Cellulose

Role of Technology in Green Architecture

Smart Building Systems

Smart technology allows real-time monitoring and optimization of building performance.

Benefits:

• Reduced energy consumption
• Automated lighting and HVAC
• Predictive maintenance
• Improved occupant comfort

AI & Data-Driven Design

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing eco-friendly architecture by analysing:

• Climate data
• Energy performance
• Material efficiency
• User behaviour

This leads to better decision-making and optimized sustainable outcomes.

3D Architectural Visualization & Sustainability

3D visualization helps architects simulate:

• Sun paths and shadow analysis
• Energy performance
• Material impact
• Green features before construction

This reduces errors, waste, and costly revisions.

Benefits of Green Building & Eco-Friendly Design

Environmental Benefits

• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
• Lower energy and water consumption
• Conservation of natural resources
• Reduced construction waste

Economic Benefits

• Lower operating and maintenance costs
• Increased property value
• Energy savings over time
• Government incentives and tax benefits

Health & Social Benefits

• Improved indoor air quality
• Enhanced comfort and productivity
• Reduced stress and better well-being
• Healthier living environments

Green Building Certifications & Standards

Several global rating systems promote sustainable construction:

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

• Widely recognized worldwide
• Focuses on energy, water, materials, and indoor quality

BREEAM

• One of the oldest sustainability rating systems
• Common in Europe

WELL Building Standard

• Focuses on occupant health and wellness

EDGE Certification

• Designed for emerging markets
• Emphasizes cost-effective sustainability

Challenges in Green Building Adoption

Higher Initial Costs

Green buildings may require higher upfront investment for technology and materials.

Solution: Long-term savings often outweigh initial costs through reduced energy and maintenance expenses.

Limited Awareness

Many clients and developers lack understanding of green benefits.

Solution: Education, case studies, and clear ROI demonstrations.

Skilled Workforce Shortage

Green construction requires specialized skills.

Solution: Training programs and collaboration with sustainability experts.

Regulatory Barriers

Outdated building codes can slow adoption.

Solution: Government policy updates and incentives.

Green Building in Residential Design

Eco-friendly homes focus on comfort, efficiency, and sustainability.

Key features:

• Solar rooftops
• Natural ventilation
• Energy-efficient appliances
• Sustainable interiors
• Water-saving systems

Luxury sustainable homes combine high-end design with environmental responsibility, proving that sustainability and elegance can coexist.

Green Design in Commercial & Urban Projects

Commercial buildings benefit significantly from eco-friendly design due to high energy usage.

Common strategies:

• Smart facades
• High-performance glazing
• Efficient HVAC zoning
• Green roofs and terraces

Urban green design supports:

• Reduced heat island effect
• Improved air quality
• Better community health

The Future of Green Building & Eco-Friendly Design

The future of architecture is undeniably green. Emerging trends include:

• Net-zero energy buildings
• Carbon-neutral construction
• Circular economy principles
• AI-powered sustainable design
• Climate-responsive architecture

As environmental awareness grows, green building will shift from being an option to a necessity.

Conclusion:

Building a Sustainable Tomorrow

Green building and eco-friendly design are no longer just architectural trends—they are essential solutions for a sustainable future. By integrating smart technology, sustainable materials, and human-centered design, we can create spaces that benefit both people and the planet.

Whether designing a residential home, commercial building, or urban development, adopting green principles ensures long-term value, environmental responsibility, and improved quality of life.

The buildings we design today will shape the world we live in tomorrow. Choosing sustainability is choosing a better future.

Productive and sustainable cities require modern mobility systems capable of transporting increasing numbers of people while minimizing harm to the natural environment (Shannon Bouton, 2016). Growing visitor pressure on transportation infrastructure impacts its quality and the overall standard of living. Subsidizing quality public transport can significantly contribute to building sustainable cities. Affordable and decent public transport enables people to improve their lives by accessing markets, employment, healthcare, and education (Naqvi, 2021). It has a positive effect on productivity, enhances environmental sustainability, and promotes equitable access to urban services.

Women Mobility in Public Transport is a critical aspect of achieving equitable and inclusive urban transportation systems. Women often face unique challenges in accessing public transport, including safety concerns, affordability, and convenience. Addressing these barriers by ensuring safe, accessible, and gender-sensitive public transport options is essential for fostering women’s participation in economic, social, and educational activities. Gender-sensitive policies, such as increased safety measures, designated spaces, and reliable transport schedules, empower women to travel with confidence, improving their mobility and enhancing their contributions to urban economies.

Urban mobility, particularly for women, is an essential element of safe public transportation, enhancing satisfaction, promoting sustainable living, and driving prosperity for all residents. By prioritizing inclusive and equitable transport systems, cities can improve the quality of life, reduce social disparities, and ensure a brighter, more sustainable future for everyone.

Mobility and Sustainable Development Goals

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 aims to provide access to safe, affordable, accessible, and sustainable transport systems for every resident, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transportation. It focuses on giving special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons (Josephine Kaviti Musango, 2020). Through the provision and implementation of these goals, equity can be achieved which is an essential element in planning. Various factors like age, gender, income, and disability should be considered in policy-making for the provision of access to public transportation (Rodrigue, 2020). Gender differences in travelling behavior are due to unequal access to public transportation and attitudes towards various means of transport. They can also be explained by men’s and women’s differing activity patterns and responsibilities as well as by gender role attitudes (Noack, 2011).

Efficient mobility systems reduce congestion, accidents, noise, pollution, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions thanks to transit avoided carbon, at the same time facilitating access to education, jobs, markets, and a range of other essential services to ensure that ‘no one is left behind’ (Turner & Ciambra, 2019). Accordingly, it can be argued that at least seven SDGs are linked to mobility, either explicitly through transport-related targets, or via cross-cutting dimensions of sustainable transport in urban and territorial policies.

The new Urban Agenda sits within a framework of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and 169 detailed component targets, which provide a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. There are several targets directly linked with investing in more walking and public transport, most notably SDG 11.2 (Sustainable Transport for All) which states: “By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons”.

Inequalities generated due to unequal access to transport systems are a subject studied in several high-income cities. Several studies have shown how differences in access can generate disparities between different social classes, however, these differences have not been studied in the same way for gender inequities. In general, accessibility and transport planning have not been sensitive to subjects such as gender, age, disability, and ethnicity (Lecompte & S., 2107). Sustainable Development Goal 5 concerns gender equality and is fifth of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. The official wording of SDG 5 is “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls” (Nations, 2017).

Women face more difficulties and challenges in the context of mobility. They constitute about 51 percent of the total population, and about 22.7 percent of labor force against men’s 83.3% (Noor Rahman, 2021). Travel patterns of women and their participation in activities derive from gender roles that remain traditional. Equity and women empowerment has been set by the United Nations as unique goals on the 2030 global agenda for sustainable development. SDG 5 highlights the importance of gender equality and empowering women by ending all forms of discrimination against women and girls that impacts all the development areas (UN, 2016). 

The higher risk of violence also reflects gender-based inequalities. Women in this regard face many issues due to a lack of government attention towards the proper provision of public transportation along with other feeder buses. Lack of proper segregation in buses ultimately increases women’s violence due to the lack of provision of rights. The concern for women’s safety in public transportation is important to prevent sexual harassment and the fear of violence that prevents women and girls from accessing opportunities for work, study, and leisure.

Literature Review on Women Mobility

In several countries (Japan, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, India, Belarus, Philippines), vehicles reserved for “women only” have been introduced to combat sexual harassment. In the light underground railway in Manila, for example, the first two carriages are reserved exclusively for women and children; in Mexico, buses and metro carriages reserved especially for women have been added during rush hours, with the Police responsible for ensuring that the separation of men from women is properly respected (Duchène, 2011). There are also taxis reserved for women in the United Kingdom, Mexico, Russia, India, Dubai, and Iran.  

In developed countries, comparative travel studies of men and women tend to show converging patterns of behavior. However, differences remain because women have far more complex programs of activity. In both North America and Europe, for example, women make more trips, and in more complex chains, than those made by men, notably because they undertake more non-work-related trips.

In Europe, women are more dependent than men on public transport networks, of which they make greater use. In France, for example, men only use public transport for 10% of their trips, and two-thirds of passengers on public transport networks are women (Duchène, 2011). In Sweden, we find the same proportion of women using public transport. However, it is worth noting that passenger numbers on high-speed public transport networks (suburban trains, underground trains, trams) are equally divided between men and women (Polk, 2010).

Women mobility in Pakistan

Women’s mobility outside the home in Pakistan is restricted by social norms and safety concerns. In particular, social norms against women coming into close contact with unrelated men and the discomfort, social stigma, and fear of harassment when they do so, limit women’s movement and their use of public transport. This constrains their choices to participate in the labor force, continue their education, or engage in other independent activities (Adeel, 2020). This challenge is particularly important for women of a marginalized social status who are less able to afford private transport.

The government has attempted to address women’s concerns through transport policy. However, challenges remain for women’s safety and comfort on public transport. To ensure that public transport is equally accessible for both men and women, it is critical to develop a comprehensive policy package that holistically addresses the constraints and challenges that women face (Sajad, 2018).

Challenges for women

There are striking differences between men’s and women’s access to and experience of public transport in Pakistan. Although women travel less frequently, as a proportion of non-walking trips, they are more likely than men to travel on public transport. When traveling beyond walking distance, women in Lahore are almost 30% more likely than men to use public transport such as buses or wagons. This is in part because other options, such as riding independently on a motorbike or bicycle (common transport modes for men), are taboo for women: Men are 70% more likely than women to travel in these private transport modes (Nisar, 2020).

But travel on public transport presents significant challenges for women because of concerns about safety, harassment, and social stigma. Most males say they strongly discourage their female family members from riding some modes of transport, such as wagons. Many women do not feel safe on any available transport mode, especially at night. This is likely part of the reason why women who do not have a choice of private transport choose, if possible, to ride on alternative modes.

Major challenges were harassment at stations and in buses (younger users being more affected), limited facilities for the elderly, lack of seating/waiting facilities near entrances/exits of BRT stations, and limited dedicated space in buses and ticketing booths during rush hours (Majid, 2019).

Overcoming Barriers and Strategies

Consequently, it is important that public transportation schedules are updated often and visible to the general public so that women can plan their travel accordingly. Another viable strategy for improving female mobility and security is the hiring of female bus conductors and ticket checkers/collectors. Awareness-raising and training for staff gender and transport, recruitment, training, and promotion of women in all aspects of transport should be adapted.

Furthermore, participation of female and male transport users of all ages in project design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation is necessary. Regular maintenance of bus stops for the purpose of providing ease to the users waiting at bus stops. (Improved bus shelters, upgraded transit terminals and space surrounding those terminals, ensuring a comfortable transit experience from journey start to end, including in waiting areas). Digital solutions such as distribution of women safety smartphone applications and monitoring app for route tracking and arrival time of buses are highly recommended to improve women safety while travelling.

References

Adeel, M. (2020). Gender equality in mobility and mode choice in Pakistan .

Duchène, C. (2011). Gender and Transport. International Transport Forum.

Josephine Kaviti Musango, P. C. (2020). Urban metabolism of the informal city: Probing and measuring the ‘unmeasurable’ to monitor Sustainable Development Goal 11 indicators. Ecological Indicators, 119.

Lecompte, M. C., & S., J. P. (2107). Transport systems and their impact con gender equity. Transportation Research Procedia , 4245–4257.

Majid, H. (2019). Increasing Public Transportation for Women Empowerment in Pakistan .

Naqvi, A. (2021). Mobility and public transport. The International News.

Nations, U. (2017). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017. Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Nisar. (2020). Challenges faced by women mobility .

Noack, E. (2011, January). Are Rural Women Mobility Deprived?– A Case Study from Scotland. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 51, 19.

Noor Rahman, S. R. (2021). In Pakistan, women’s representation in the workforce remains low. End Poverty in South Asia.

Polk, M. (2010). Swedish Men and Women’s Mobility Patterns: Issues of Social Equity and Ecological Sustainability. University of Gothenberg.

Rodrigue, D. J.-P. (2020). Urban Mobility. In J.-P. Rodrigue, The geography of Transport Systems (p. 456). New York: The spatial organization of transportation and mobility.

Sajad, F. (2018). Overcoming barriers to Women Mobility.

Shannon Bouton, E. H. (2016). AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF MOBILITY. McKinsey & Company.

Shin-Pei Tsay, V. H. (2013, July 31). Rethinking Urban Mobility: Sustainable Policies for the Century of the City. Carnegie Endowment forInternational Peace, 78.

Turner, P., & Ciambra, A. (2019). MOBILITY AND THE SGDs. Gold policy series.

UN. (2016). SDG 5. Retrieved 01 25, 2022, from Sustainable Development Goals: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/

Author:

Plnr. Maddia Yaseen

Member of Pakistan Council of Architects and Town Planners

Education:

Bachelor of City & Regional Planning, Lahore College for Women University

Profession:

Licensed Urban Planner at Sheher Saaz

photography coupled with GIS technology usage-urban planners have access to a more detailed primary data on which they base their decisions.

Data Collection

Remote Sensing (RS), through satellite imaging and aerial photography, provides detailed views of a city’s physical features. Combined with Geographic Information Systems’ (GIS) computer-based mapping
tools, urban planners can accurately visualize the urban landscape. Mapping out critical infrastructure like road networks or construction sites could be efficiently executed using these technologies.

The acquired information can be utilized to pinpoint any locations within the city that necessitate upgrades or improvements. Insufficiencies pertaining to transportation systems and dilapidated buildings could entail potential targets for these enhancements.

Advantages of Remote Sensing and GIS in urban planning

Urban planning benefits immensely from the use of RS and GIS to extract information concerning the environment. The amount of green space within a city, for example, can be accurately determined using satellite imagery. Urban inhabitants are increasingly realizing the numerous advantages of green spaces such as parks and gardens which play a crucial role in better air quality, reduced heat islands, and physical activities.

Another significant benefit is that urban planners can model various scenarios by utilizing GIS software to create three dimensional models that simulate diverse developmental plans such as new infrastructure or buildings. Before issues arise, models can help detect potential problems and make appropriate land use and zoning decisions. Through the use of RS and GIS, natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes can be analyzed and predicted.

RS/GIS in Natural Disasters

Satellite imagery analysis aids in identifying vulnerable areas within the city, allowing planners to make recommendations that may include building elevation or green infrastructure that minimizes flood risk. Universal access to higher education is an imperative, which

must become a reality to ensure equitable development of society. Specific privileges or limitations on such an education being reserved for the elite are unjust and result in deep social inequalities perpetuated over time.

RS and GIS can also play a critical role in urban transportation planning

Through the application of RS and GIS, crucial insights into urban transportation planning become available. By conducting thorough analyses of traffic circulation patterns and road infrastructures, regions experiencing high levels of congestion can be identified for enhancement efforts such
as revised signals timing plans, delineated cycling pathways or new modes of public transit. The consideration of community

needs and preferences in making determinations regarding city growth can be supported by utilizing remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) during urban planning.

Decisions making in city’s development

On the other hand, there are particular difficulties that must be tackled regarding these tools’ usage within this context. The adequacy and excellence of available data are among such problems with substantial disparities still prevalent across different nations, particularly those considered underdeveloped. Likewise, this variability in data quality can impact analytical precision levels.

Conclusion

The intricate nature of GIS technology poses a major challenge for urban planners. Despite the increasing user-friendliness of software, its effective utilization
requires specialized knowledge and training. This can be an obstacle in smaller cities or developing countries.Urban planners harness remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) to address the complex challenges of city development. Despite disparities in data quality and technical expertise, these tools empower planners to make informed decisions for sustainable and equitable urban growth.

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ابو ریحان محمد بن احمد البیرونی المعروف البیرونی کی لیبارٹری ہے

‏اب سوچنے کی بات یہ ہے کہ ہم اپنے ورثہ کی کیسے قدر کرتے ہیں، اس میں ماسوائے چند بکریاں چرانے والوں کے علاوہ کوئی نہیں جاتا، اگر اس کا خیال نہیں رکھا گیا تو بہت ہی جلد ہم اس عجوبہ سے محروم ہوجائینگے، اس کے علاوہ یہاں تک جانے کا راستہ بھی ٹھیک نہیں ہے، اس کے لئے تقریبا ایک گھنٹہ کا پیدل سفر کرنا پڑے گا،
‏حکومت کو چاہیئے کہ دوبارہ سے ٹھیک کرے اور تعلیمی اداروں کو چاہیئے کہ Study Tours ایسے تاریخی مقامات پر کروایا کریں۔ یہ جو سٹڈی ٹور مری، نتھیا گلی وغیرہ میں کیئے جاتے ہیں یہ صرف اور صرف تفریح ہی ہو سکتے ہیں ان سے تعلیمی مقاصد حاصل نہیں کیئے جا سکتے،
‏1974 میں سوویت یونین نے ابو ریحان محمد بن البیرونی پر ایک فلم بھی بنائی ھے جس کا نام ھے ابو ریحان البیرونی، البیرونی کی وفات 1050 میں غزنی افغانستان میں ہوئی اور وہیں آسودہ خاک ہیں

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The River Ravi is a major river in Pakistan that runs through the province of Punjab and is an important source of water for Lahore, the capital city of the province. The ecological role of the River Ravi for Lahore is significant in several ways:

Water Supply: The River Ravi is an important source of water for Lahore and its surroundings, providing water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use.
Biodiversity: The River Ravi and its floodplains support a diverse array of plant and animal life, including several species of fish, birds, and mammals.
Flood Control: The River Ravi can flood during the monsoon season, but the floods also help in recharging the groundwater and also help in maintaining the biodiversity of the area.
Climate Regulations: The River Ravi and its associated wetlands and vegetation act as a natural buffer against heat waves and extreme weather events, helping to regulate the local climate.

Recreational and Cultural Values: The River Ravi is an important recreational and cultural resource for Lahore, with parks, gardens, and other public spaces along its banks that provide opportunities for outdoor activities and cultural events.

However, over the past few decades, the River Ravi has been facing a number of ecological challenges, such as pollution, encroachment, and over-extraction of water. As a result, efforts have been made to restore the river and its ecological functions, such as riverbank stabilization, reforestation, and construction of wetlands.
It is important to protect and restore the ecological role of the River Ravi for the benefit of Lahore and its inhabitants, by promoting sustainable land-use practices, water management, and conservation efforts.

Ensuring the Sustainability of River Ravi Riparian Zone

Integrated Urban Water Management: By adopting IUWM principles, responsible wastewater treatment, stormwater and solid waste management, capacity building, environmental policy adherence, and community involvement, Sustainable water usage and protection of the river’s ecosystems could be ensured. These steps will promote the recycling and reuse of water, plastics, and other recyclables, thus ensuring a cleaner and healthier environment.
Awareness Campaigns: Awareness campaigns should be initiated and run to engage the public, businesses, and civil society in the revitalization of River Ravi and its nullahs. The campaign aims to create support, promote behavior change, and generate excitement about the benefits of a healthy ecosystem.

Wasted Water Treatment: To improve the water quality, a combination of localized municipal wastewater treatment and strategically placed centralized facilities is suggested. This integrated approach will be helpful to protect water quality throughout the nullahs, reflecting their interconnectivity. As a result, it can help the natural processes that can process some pollutants and clean effluents.

Land Demarcation and Acquisition: It is necessary to demarcate and acquire land along the riverbanks. The encroachment into the river zones should be prevented to reduce the risk of property damage. By delineating the land and defining “river zones” based on flood lines, further degradation can be avoided and revitalization efforts can continue.

Ultimately, restoring and maintaining the ecological integrity of the River Ravi is not only crucial for the well-being of Lahore and its inhabitants but also for the overall health of the region’s ecosystems and biodiversity. By taking proactive measures to address the ecological challenges facing the river and its riparian zone, we can ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for generations to come. Together, through collaborative efforts and a shared commitment to environmental stewardship, we can protect and restore the natural heritage of the River Ravi, ensuring its continued contribution to the ecological, social, and economic well-being of the Punjab province and beyond.

Author:

Tayyaba Akhtar

Flood Infrastructure in Pakistan

In Pakistan, Major flood infrastructure is not capable of countering the damages by flood and the reasons are multi-dimensional. The major flood protection infrastructure in Pakistan is composed of 6,807 km of flood protection embankments and 1,410 spurs. The responsibilities are given to provincial irrigation departments to maintain their infrastructure. The collaboration of all provincial governments is the need of the hour because when one province or area is affected by the flood the whole country gets effected by it because it harms the economy, infrastructure, health, and shoots many other afflictions.

Currently, Tarbela, Chashma, and Mangla are the main reservoirs that are used to cater to and regulate flood flows during flooding events. These reservoirs are not specified for flood moderation and it is not the first priority because the prime function of these reservoirs is to provide electricity and water for irrigation purposes. Their potential for flood management is not exploited. An effective and efficient flood forecasting and early warning system is necessary to be expanded and modernized. PMD and FFC are working on different flood management projects to make the flood management system more reliable.

Flood Management Challenges

The current Flood Management System in Pakistan is not sufficient to cater the flood damages and is facing many challenges. The legal and institutional framework is the prime requirement to regulate and implement any management or work but unfortunately, there is no flood protection policy currently present in Pakistan. There is a draft Flood Policy exists in Pakistan which seems as a plan rather than a policy. The major content of the policy is dealing with and providing information on riverine floods rather than flash and urban flooding which is one of the major prevailing issues in the wake of climate change. The institutions e.g., NDRRP and NDMA are reactive rather than proactive against flood management.

Flop Institutional Framework

Rampant corruption, poor performance, and lack of institutional capacity are the main reasons for ineffective flood protection and management. Management plans at resource and depression level are effective and sustainable for integration of flood management but unfortunately, no such plan has been prepared and implemented in Pakistan till now.

Deteriorated Flood Infrastructure

In addition, there is also a need to improve the flood infrastructure in Pakistan because the existing infrastructure is outdated since 1850’s. There is no change in the design of the embankment since last decades. The SOPs which are designed and currently implemented at dam and barrages sites are not optimally aligned towards minimizing issues due to flood. Water storage reservoirs are effective against floods but in case of extreme and flash floods, their performance got decreases.
Impoverished Flood Prepared & Emergency Response System

Deteriorated Flood Infrastructure

Flood preparedness system does exist in Pakistan but just in the books, articles, and news. There is no on-ground implementation regarding flood preparedness and the institutions only reacts when the situation gets out of their hands. Various studies have predicted that climate change will affect most of the countries including Pakistan due to flooding, glacier melting, heavy monsoon rainfall. The intensifying impacts of climate change demands for holistic, proactive and stringent policy and its implementation.

Combating the Urban Flash Flooding

Invigorated Local Institutions

The international practices and researches reveal that a viable combination – persistence, good institutions and their enhanced capacity, stakeholders and community participation, women participation, investments in infrastructure improvement, maintenance of drainage system, watershed management, proper land use planning, enhanced institutional capacity, zoning of flood plains, extensive research in identification and marking of flood prone areas, pre and post flood operation study, environment and disaster assessment of all the flood prone areas – is necessary at this stage to combat the impacts of flooding and to protect community from property and life damages. The capacity of institutions who are dealing with the flood protection and management e.g. WAPDA, NDMA, FFC, PMD and Irrigation Departments need to be enhanced.

Imperatives of the Flood Plans

The SOPs regarding flood management at dams and rivers need to be updated by time. A proper plan is required to mark the infrastructure that is coming in the flood route, especially the low-lying areas, villages, towns, and riverside areas. Survey of rivers should be conducted by using modern technologies and software e.g., imageries, digitization, and bathymetric. Flood protection modeling also needs to be done against ongoing and previous floods.

Use of Porous Materials

Since the urban areas are vulnerable to the flash flooding just like other disaster-prone areas. Any manmade structures and surfaces like asphalt absorbs relatively less water and copious rain can easily penetrate in the urban areas water drainage systems. Flash flooding has now become a usual thing after every monsoon due to the more urbanized cities covered in the impervious surfaces. However, the technology has made a way

out of every problem and has given many viable solutions to make life easier. Similarly, a company in UK has made a material Topmix Permeable that can absorb 1,000 liters of water per square meter in a minute.
Topmix Permeable is a fast-draining concrete and absorbs water as if water is getting drained out of a hidden hole. It is a mixture of the road material in which sand or the crushed stone is not added that makes porous to absorbs water. The aggregate sub-base of the crushed stone is placed on the top of soil in which the top most layer is Topmix Permeable.

This made the surface to passthrough water from the top layer then gets collected in the aggregate layer which is then discharged slowly in the ground.

This layer can be installed at the lowest level in the parking lots, sideways, pathways, roads, and more. It helps in reducing flood damages, risk of water shortages, and pressure on the storm water drainage. Acting as a reservoir, it can also be used to retain water table by directing rainwater to the natural aquifers. The multiple layers of Topmix Permeable act as a giant filter for the contaminants like motor oil. However, it is a porous material, it cannot be used completely throughout any road network for heavy traffic that could lead to the fissures in the road.

Flood Water Harvesting

The storage capacity of the river is reduced by siltation and transforming of flood plain areas into permanent habitats. The storage capacity of the rivers needs to be enhanced by sediment management, regulating flood plain land use, mitigation measures identification and implementation. There is a dire need to enhance the water storage capacity by 22 BCM (Billion Cubic Meter) by 2025 to meet the future water and flood management requirements. Reservoir operation manuals should be developed and optimized the flood moderation and other benefits. Pakistan has more than 225 wetlands (covering 780,000 ha of wetlands) which could be preserved to store flood water.

Underground Water Reservoir

Heavy rain can become an affliction instead of a blessing if it is not handled judiciously. For this, there needs to have water conservation strategies to conserve rainwater. It will store the torrential watershed and lower the needs of relying on other sources. Usually, 28,600 gallons is required to water 1 acre of land having 1 inch of water on a weekly basis. A typical underground water reservoir should have the following specifications:

Table 1: Underground Water Reservoir Specifications

The Essentiality of Climate Change with Flood Management Plan
The integration of climate change in flood management is necessary and is internationally recognized that can address flood risks and hazards. Flood management without considering climate change would not be effective rather it may aggravate flood risk. Glacial melting and variability of Moonsoon should be considered. Pakistan’s lack of climate adaptability entails a loss of investment and even human lives. Such losses can be avoided by factoring in climate information into the flood management.
We Need To Be Proactive Than Reactive!
With the rapid shift towards urban areas, coping with the population surge under the haphazard development and crushing climate change patterns, the governing bodies need to act proactively to cater to alter the crooked disaster risk management policies. The robust adaptation and resilient institutional framework are essentially required in collaboration with the planning & development, integrated policy making, and legislation at all the tiers of the public and private sectors. Think tanks like NDMA, PDMA, FFC, WAPDA, MOC, and all the provincial irrigation departments must join hands with other stakeholders in order to ameliorate the policy making efficacy. Eventually, it will help the local bodies to proficiently implement the advance approaches in combating urban flash flooding and shrewdly conserving the rainwater for many other purposes in a smart sustainable way.

Author:

Tayyaba Akhtar

Mixed-use planning is a critical element of self-sustained cities. Investing in mixed-use planning contributes to long-term sustainability by ensuring current development gains and safeguarded future generations’ needs as the population is rapidly migrating towards the cities. As, Pakistan is one of the fastest urbanizing nations within South Asia with an average annual growth rate of 2.7% (PBS, 2017; Kotkin and Cox, 2013).

Mixed-use planning is based on the concept of smart development, transit-oriented planning and compact development which may ultimately help us in the development of sustainable cities land use is a systemic property and needs to be examined as an interconnected concept of urban sustainability,  however understanding the different principles of urban land use and how they relate to each other in making a complex adaptive systemic configuration is also relevant for urban action and urban planning overall. To become meaningful, mixed-use has to address scale issues appropriately.

Promoting energy-efficient building design and construction is another significant way that mixed land use may aid in the battle against climate change. Mixed-use structures can be the ideal place to incorporate environmentally friendly elements like green roofs, effective lighting systems, and renewable energy sources that have the potential to significantly lower energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions. Mixed-use developments can also benefit from shared infrastructure like utility systems and parking garages, which results in further energy and emissions savings. The carbon footprint of buildings, which are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions, can be decreased with the aid of these energy-saving technologies.

Another important way that mixed land use can help in the fight against climate change is by promoting energy-efficient building design and construction. By combining residential and commercial spaces, mixed-use buildings can offer the perfect opportunity to integrate sustainable features like green roofs, efficient lighting systems, and renewable energy sources that have the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, mixed-use developments can take advantage of shared infrastructure such as parking garages and utility systems, resulting in further energy and emissions savings. These energy-saving features can help to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings, which are among the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Green roofs, for example, provide insulation and cooling, which can lower indoor temperatures by up to 5°C and reduce the energy needed for air conditioning. Additionally, green spaces can help absorb carbon dioxide emissions, improving air quality and reducing the environmental impact of urbanization.

Moreover, mixed land use can promote passive solar architecture, which can further reduce energy demand and associated emissions. Passive solar architecture uses the sun’s energy to naturally heat buildings during the winter, reducing the need for artificial heating. This approach can also be applied to cooling buildings during the summer, by using shading and natural ventilation to keep indoor temperatures comfortable. This can lead to significant energy savings, as buildings are one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. By encouraging sustainable urban planning and passive solar architecture, mixed land use can help mitigate the environmental impacts of urbanization and support more sustainable and resilient communities.

To sum up, mixed land use offers a comprehensive and multifaceted method of addressing climate change. Mixed land use can encourage the growth of resilient and sustainable communities by integrating sustainable transportation, energy-efficient building design, and sustainable urban design. This strategy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate the impact of the urban heat island, and reduce energy use and related expenses. Additionally, mixed land use is advantageous for reasons other than environmental sustainability since it can promote public health, social fairness, and economic growth. To build more sustainable, livable, and resilient communities, legislators, planners, and developers must incorporate mixed land use methods into their plans and projects.

Author:

Planner Mahnoor Arif

PCATP Registered Planner

Bachelors in City and Regional Planning, LWCU

Master in City and Regional Planning, UET

After passing my college I started applying in different universities with the dream of being engineer and Uet Lahore being the most economical and public sector university Was the priority. Well, I was lucky enough to get admission in City and Regional Planning in first merit list and after one week of classes I get to know its not even engineering it was moment of heartbreak anyways, I accepted being a Town planner/Urban Planner Alhamdulillah’s best decision ever. I graduated and got a Job before even completing my degree and doing great so far. But after all these years still it’s a challenge to introduce myself as a Town Planner/Urban Planner. People are always like you are like event planner and getting some more information they are like ok ok, so you are an architect and I ended up saying Yeah! And majority of my friends and Family thinks I, m an Engineer perk of UET .
So today I want to try to share with world the role of town planner in Pakistan. Town planners in Pakistan are responsible for creating plans and designs for urban areas that ensure efficient land use, effective transportation systems, and sustainable development you may have heard of Lahore Master plan we do that. Town planners working in development authorities review proposals for new developments, such as housing projects (DHA,BEHRIA) or commercial buildings, to ensure they comply with zoning regulations and other land-use policies. We promote sustainable development by encouraging the use of renewable resources and minimizing the negative impact of development on the environment. We are responsible for overseeing the management of urban infrastructure, including water and sewer systems, roads, and public transportation. Town planners engage with stakeholders such as community members, business owners, and local government officials to ensure that their plans and policies align with the needs and interests of the community. We are responsible for developing livable, environmentally sound, and economically active metropolitan areas that serve their populations’ requirements.
So, you can call Us Doctor of cities but please stop confusing us with event planners, architects and engineers. Proud of being Town Planner.
Good day!

Author:

Junaid Maqsood (URBAN PLANNER)

According to the United Nations, cities are responsible for over 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions. With more than half of the world’s population living in urban areas, the need for sustainable, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient cities has never been more crucial. This is where eco-innovation comes into play.

1. Introduction: Importance of Eco-Innovation for Smart Green Cities

Eco-innovation refers to developing and adopting new technologies, policies, and practices that promote sustainable development and help reduce negative environmental impacts. In the context of smart green cities, eco-innovation plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable urban development.

The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate has reported that investing in sustainable urban infrastructure could generate $17 trillion in global economic benefits by 2050. Eco-innovation is essential for smart green cities that are sustainable, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient, as it can help cities become more resilient to the challenges of climate change and create a better future for all. Copenhagen has set an ambitious goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2025, and Singapore has adopted a biophilic design approach, which involves incorporating nature into the urban environment. The city has also created over 300 hectares of green spaces, including the Gardens by the Bay, which has become a popular tourist attraction.

• Understanding Environmental Policies and Their Role in Eco-Innovation

Environmental policies are regulations and guidelines put in place by governments to manage and protect the environment. They promote eco-innovation by creating a supportive regulatory environment and encouraging businesses to adopt sustainable practices. The European Union’s Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a market-based policy that limits emissions and provides a framework for businesses to develop new technologies and practices that reduce their environmental impact. Environmental policies promote eco-innovation by incentivizing companies to reduce emissions and invest in low-carbon technologies, such as the Renewable Energy Sources Act in Germany and the Energy Efficiency Directive in the European Union. The US Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards require automakers to produce vehicles with higher fuel efficiency, leading to the development of electric and hybrid vehicles. These policies provide a framework for businesses to develop new technologies and practices that reduce their environmental impact, helping to create a sustainable future.

• Exploring Digital Policies and Their Impact on Smart Green Cities

Digital policies are essential for the development of smart green cities, which aim to use technology to promote sustainability and reduce negative environmental impacts. Digital policies create a supportive regulatory environment that encourages the adoption of sustainable technologies and provides a framework for businesses and governments to develop and adopt technologies that reduce their environmental impact. Understanding and implementing effective digital policies is essential for promoting big green cities and building a sustainable future.

Several digital policies have been successful in promoting smart green cities, including:

• The European Union’s Green Deal, aims to make the EU economy sustainable by promoting the use of renewable energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting sustainable transportation.
• The US Smart Cities Challenge, which provided funding to cities that developed innovative solutions to urban challenges using technology.
• The UK’s Open Data Policy, promotes the sharing of data between government agencies, businesses, and the public, encouraging the development of innovative solutions to urban challenges.

Digital policies play a crucial role in promoting smart green cities by creating a supportive regulatory environment that encourages the adoption of sustainable technologies. By setting standards and regulations that promote sustainability, digital policies provide a framework for businesses and governments to develop and adopt technologies that reduce their environmental impact. As the world becomes increasingly digital, understanding and implementing effective digital policies is essential for promoting smart green cities and building a sustainable future.

• The Intersection of Environmental and Digital Policies: Opportunities for Eco-Innovation

Environmental and digital policies may seem unrelated, but they intersect in several areas. For instance, digital technologies can help monitor and manage environmental data, leading to better environmental policies and more sustainable practices. Environmental policies can also incentivize the adoption of digital technologies that promote sustainability, such as smart grids and energy-efficient buildings.

The intersection of environmental and digital policies provides several opportunities for eco-innovation, including:

• Green IT: Green IT refers to the development and adoption of information technology that promotes sustainability. By adopting sustainable IT practices, such as virtual meetings and cloud computing, businesses can reduce their environmental impact and promote eco-innovation.
• Smart Grids: Smart grids use digital technologies to manage and optimize the distribution of electricity, leading to more efficient and sustainable energy use. By promoting the adoption of smart grids, environmental policies can incentivize the development of new technologies and practices that reduce energy consumption and promote sustainability.
• Circular Economy: The circular economy is an economic model that promotes the reuse and recycling of resources, reducing waste and promoting sustainability. Digital technologies, such as blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT), can help track and manage resources in the circular economy, leading to more sustainable practices and increased eco-innovation.

• Real-World Examples of Successful Eco-Innovation in Smart Green Cities
• Barcelona, Spain

Barcelona is a leading smart green city that has implemented several eco-innovative solutions. The city has implemented a smart parking system that uses sensors to monitor parking spaces and provide real-time information to drivers, reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The city has also implemented a bike-sharing system, which encourages sustainable transportation and reduces carbon emissions.

Courtesy: Lonely Planet

1. Amsterdam, Netherlands

Amsterdam is another leading smart green city that has implemented several eco-innovative solutions. The city has implemented a smart grid system that uses digital technologies to manage and optimize the distribution of electricity, leading to more efficient and sustainable energy use. Amsterdam has also implemented a waste management system that uses sensors to monitor waste levels and optimize waste collection, reducing waste and promoting sustainability.

Courtesy: URENIO

1. Masdar City, United Arab Emirates

Masdar City is a sustainable city in the United Arab Emirates that is powered entirely by renewable energy sources. The city uses a combination of solar, wind, and geothermal energy to power its buildings and infrastructure. The city also uses advanced building technologies, such as passive cooling and insulation, to reduce energy consumption and promote sustainability.

Courtesy: Masdar News

1. Songdo, South Korea

Songdo is a smart green city that was built from the ground up to promote sustainability and livability. The city uses advanced building technologies, such as green roofs and solar panels, to reduce energy consumption and promote sustainability. Songdo also has an extensive public transportation system, which encourages sustainable transportation and reduces carbon emissions.

Courtesy: We Build Value

• Portland, United States

Portland is a leading smart green city in the United States that has implemented several eco-innovative solutions. The city has implemented a bike-sharing system, which encourages sustainable transportation and reduces carbon emissions. Portland has also implemented a smart grid system that uses digital technologies to manage and optimize the distribution of electricity, leading to more efficient and sustainable energy use.

Courtesy: Smart Cities World

• Challenges and Potential Solutions for Implementing Eco-Innovation in Smart Green Cities

By incorporating eco-innovation into the planning and development process, cities can reduce their environmental impact while improving the quality of life for their residents. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed for the successful implementation of eco-innovation in smart green cities. Funding and resources, regulatory and legal barriers, and lack of public awareness and support are some of the primary challenges that must be overcome.

Fortunately, there are potential solutions to address these challenges. Establishing public-private partnerships, developing supportive regulations, and engaging with the community through education and outreach programs are just a few of the potential solutions that can help ensure the success of eco-innovation in smart green cities.

• Conclusion: The Future of Eco-Innovation in Building Smart Green Cities

As we look to the future, it is clear that eco-innovation will continue to play a crucial role in building smart green cities. It is the key to building smart green cities that can provide a high quality of life for residents while reducing their environmental impact. With the right approach and support, the future of eco-innovation in building smart green cities is promising, and the benefits will be felt by future generations. The future of eco-innovation in building smart green cities is bright, and there are vast opportunities for innovation and creativity in this field. It is crucial for city planners, policymakers, and citizens to work together to overcome the challenges and achieve a sustainable and resilient future for cities.

Author:

SADAF BILAL ANSARI

She is a licensed Urban Planner from Pakistan with more than 5 years of experience in Town Planning, Urban Research, Smart Cities, Landscape Designing (Xeriscaping), and Land-use & Zoning Plans with a touch of branding and marketing experience for a broad range of international clientele base.

Education:

BS City & Regional Planning

Master of Architecture

Association:

Pakistan Council of Architects & Town Planners (PCATP)

Former Vice President of Pakistan Society of Architects & Town Planners (PSCRP)

poor landscaping–Soil Erosion:

Soil erosion is a major environmental problem caused by poor landscaping practices. When soil is exposed to the elements, such as wind and water, it can easily be eroded. This can lead to the loss of topsoil, which is rich in nutrients and essential for plant growth. Soil erosion can also lead to the formation of gullies and other landforms that can negatively impact the ecosystem.

One of the primary causes of soil erosion is poor landscaping practices such as improper grading, planting on steep slopes, and removal of vegetation. To prevent soil erosion, it is essential to implement proper landscaping techniques, such as the use of mulch, the planting of ground cover, and the use of erosion-control devices.

Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed from the land surface by wind, water, or other factors. The loss of topsoil, which is rich in nutrients, can have a negative impact on plant growth, making it difficult for plants to grow and survive. Additionally, soil erosion can lead to the formation of gullies and other landforms that can negatively impact the ecosystem. The sediment from soil erosion can also clog waterways and damage infrastructure.

To prevent soil erosion, proper landscaping techniques must be implemented. One technique is to use mulch, which helps to retain moisture and stabilize soil. Mulch also helps to prevent weeds from growing, which can compete with plants for nutrients and water. Another technique is to plant ground cover, which helps to prevent soil erosion by providing a protective layer over the soil. Finally, the use of erosion-control devices such as retaining walls or terraces can help to stabilize slopes and prevent soil erosion.

Water Pollution:

Another environmental problem caused by poor landscaping practices is water pollution. When chemicals and pollutants from fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides are used in landscaping, they can easily run off into nearby water bodies, contaminating them. This can lead to the destruction of aquatic habitats, killing of fish and other aquatic life, and the contamination of drinking water.

To prevent water pollution, it is essential to use environmentally friendly landscaping practices, such as the use of organic fertilizers, the use of native plants, and the reduction of water usage.

Water pollution is caused when pollutants from fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides are carried into nearby water bodies. These chemicals can be harmful to aquatic life and can contaminate drinking water sources. Water pollution can also have a negative impact on the ecosystem, leading to the destruction of aquatic habitats and the loss of biodiversity.

To prevent water pollution, it is essential to use environmentally friendly landscaping practices. One technique is to use organic fertilizers, which are made from natural materials such as compost and manure. These fertilizers are less likely to leach into water sources and are safer for the environment. Another technique is to use native plants, which require less water and are better adapted to local conditions. Finally, reducing water usage by using drought-tolerant plants and implementing water-saving techniques such as rainwater harvesting can help to reduce water pollution.

Loss of Biodiversity:

Poor landscaping practices can also lead to the loss of biodiversity. When exotic plants are used in landscaping, they can outcompete native plants and disrupt the ecosystem. This can lead to a reduction in the number of insects, birds, and other animals that rely on native plants for food and habitat.

To prevent the loss of biodiversity, it is essential to use native plants in landscaping. Native plants are adapted to the local environment and provide essential habitat for native wildlife.

The loss of biodiversity is caused by the use of exotic plants in landscaping. Exotic plants are non-native to the area and can outcompete native plants for resources such as nutrients and water. This can lead to a reduction in the number of insects, birds, and other animals that rely on native plants for food and habitat.

To prevent the loss of biodiversity, it is essential to use native plants in landscaping. Native plants are adapted to the local environment and provide essential habitat for native wildlife. They require less water, fertilizers, and pesticides, making them an environmentally friendly choice for landscaping. Additionally, planting a diverse mix of native plants can help to create a healthy ecosystem that supports a wide range of wildlife.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, poor landscaping practices can have a significant impact on the environment. Soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity are just a few of the environmental problems that can result from poor landscaping practices. It is essential to implement proper landscaping techniques, such as the use of erosion-control devices, organic fertilizers, native plants, and the reduction of water usage to prevent these environmental problems. By implementing environmentally friendly landscaping practices, we can help protect our environment and preserve it for future generations.

Author:

Plnr. Rehan Ali Nasir

Graduated from University of Management & Technology in BS. City & Regional

Planning and Certified Member of Pakistan Council of Architects and Town Planners.